Employer Satisfaction Survey
The ESS is the only national survey that measures how well graduates from Australian higher education institutions meet employer needs. It uses a unique methodology to link the experiences of graduates to the views of their direct supervisors. Data from the ESS are used to better understand the specific skills and attributes needed by today’s employers, how well higher education is preparing graduates for the workforce and the varied employment pathways graduates are taking after completing their study.
Target population
Employers of graduates of Australian higher education institutions
Responses
2,399 supervisors of employed graduates in 2025
Survey cycle
Conducted annually
2025 ESS Results
In 2025, 84.2 per cent of employers reported overall satisfaction with their graduate employee. This has remained relatively stable since the survey began in 2016 with the lowest rate 83.6 per cent in 2017 and the highest rate 85.5 per cent in 2024. Employer satisfaction with graduates’ Adaptive Skills (90.7 per cent) and Technical Skills (94.0 per cent) is at its highest level since 2016. The 2025 ESS results are consistent with the results of earlier surveys, reinforcing the findings that supervisors rate their higher education graduates highly. A summary of the survey outcomes is provided below.
Further details are available in the 2025 ESS National Report.
Data for the reports (2025 ESS Report Tables) are available to download on the 'Resources' page of the QILT website.
Employer satisfaction with graduate attributes and overall satisfaction, 2025 (%, with 90 per cent confidence intervals)
c27aab16-07b1-4487-a0b9-ebe988ccfb09.png?sfvrsn=8f9409c_1)
In 2025, across nearly all of the skills domains, there was a tendency for supervisors to rate graduates whose mode of study was internal or multi-mode higher than those who studied externally. The difference is particularly stark in Collaborative Skills, where supervisors of internal or multi-modal graduates rated graduates 6.3 percentage points higher than graduates who studied externally.
Employer satisfaction with graduate attributes and overall satisfaction by study mode, 2025 (%, with 90 per cent confidence intervals)
.png?sfvrsn=e23f80b2_1)
- Agriculture and environmental studies for Foundation (100.0 per cent), Adaptive (95.0 per cent) and Technical (98.3 per cent) Skills.
- Information technology for Collaborative (92.7 per cent) Skills.
- Natural and physical sciences for Employability (90.8 per cent) Skills.
Overall, employers reported the highest satisfaction for Agriculture and environmental studies at 90.0 per cent graduates followed by Engineering and related technologies (87.1 per cent) and Education (86.6 per cent) graduates.
Employer satisfaction with graduate attributes and overall satisfaction, by broad field of education, 2025 (%, with 90 per cent confidence intervals)
| Foundation | Adaptive | Collaborative | Technical | Employability | Overall satisfaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and environmental studies | 100.0 | 95.0 (87.8, 98.3) | 86.2 (77.0, 92.2) | 98.3 (92.0, 100.0) | 83.1 (73.5, 89.7) | 90.0 (81.6, 95.0) |
| Architecture and building | 95.9 (87.9, 99.1) | 87.5 (77.4, 93.6) | 91.8 (82.7, 96.6) | 98.0 (90.7, 100.0) | 83.7 (73.1, 90.7) | 81.6 (70.8, 89.1) |
| Creative arts | 90.5 (83.3, 95.0) | 91.9 (82.7, 95.9) | 90.9 (83.9, 95.2) | 90.7 (83.5, 95.0) | 81.7 (72.9, 88.1) | 79.7 (70.6, 86.6) |
| Education | 92.5 (89.9, 94.5) | 90.1 (87.2, 92.3) | 87.3 (84.2, 89.9) | 93.2 (90.7, 95.1) | 86.4 (83.2, 89.1) | 86.6 (83.4, 89.3) |
| Engineering and related technologies | 95.9 (92.9, 97.8) | 91.4 (87.4, 92.4) | 90.3 (86.2, 93.3) | 96.4 (93.5, 98.1) | 84.9 (80.1, 88.7) | 87.1 (82.6, 90.6) |
| Health | 91.3 (88.8, 93.4) | 89.1 (86.3, 91.4) | 84.4 (81.2, 87.1) | 93.8 (91.5, 95.5) | 83.3 (79.9, 86.1) | 84.5 (81.3, 87.2) |
| Information technology | 94.4 (90.5, 96.8) | 92.5 (88.2, 95.3) | 92.7 (88.5, 95.4) | 97.4 (94.2, 99.0) | 87.7 (82.7, 91.5) | 81.5 (75.9, 86.1) |
| Management and commerce | 93.3 (90.8, 95.2) | 91.6 (88.9, 93.7) | 89.3 (86.4, 91.7) | 92.3 (89.7, 94.4) | 87.4 (84.3, 90.0) | 84.7 (81.3, 87.5) |
| Natural and physical sciences | 95.3 (92.0, 97.3) | 92.6 (88.7, 95.2) | 91.8 (87.9, 94.5) | 95.3 (92.0, 97.3) | 90.8 (86.7, 93.8) | 83.1 (78.2, 87.1) |
| Society and culture | 92.5 (90.2, 94.3) | 90.0 (87.4, 92.1) | 89.6 (87.0, 91.7) | 93.1 (90.8, 94.8) | 87.3 (84.5, 89.7) | 81.8 (78.5, 84.6) |
| Total | 93.3 | 90.7 (89.6, 91.7) | 88.6 (87.5, 89.7) | 94.0 (93.1, 94.8) | 86.2 (85.0, 87.4) | 84.2 (82.9, 85.4) |
Direct supervisors provided written feedback on ways the qualification could have better prepared the graduate for employment were largely in relation to Employability and enterprise skills (42.7 per cent), Technical and professional skills (34.9 per cent), Domain-specific skills and knowledge (28.3 per cent) and Adaptive skills (15.5 per cent).
Main ways that the qualification could have better prepared the graduate for employment, 2025 (%)
a985279c-66ca-43cf-8a25-0c3ea09b23f8.png?sfvrsn=5af41feb_1)
While both supervisors and graduates thought the qualification prepared the graduate ‘well’ or ‘very well’ for their current job, supervisors tended to rate the preparedness of graduate employees higher than the graduates rated themselves (at 94.9 per cent and 86.4 per cent respectively).
Extent to which qualification prepared graduate for current employment, 2025 (%)
.png?sfvrsn=f167f00f_1)
Download the latest reports
About the ESS
The ESS provides information about the quality of education provided at Australian institutions, by asking supervisors to provide feedback about the generic skills, technical skills and work readiness of the graduate employed in their workplace. It is the first national survey that links the experiences of graduates to the views of their direct supervisors. The ESS is undertaken on a systematic basis by asking employed graduates who participated in the GOS to provide the contact details of their supervisor for follow up. The ESS has been conducted annually since 2016.
While there are an insufficient number of responses to publish institution by study area results on the ComparED website, the ESS is large enough to provide comparisons by broad field of education, course characteristics, employment characteristics, occupation and demographic group.
Results are pooled across the three most recent collection years to enable comparisons across universities. This follows the approach for other surveys on the ComparED website where results are pooled across years to improve the robustness and validity of data. The QILT reports and ComparED website do not publish results where there are fewer than 25 survey responses. For this reason, results for individual non-university higher education institutions (NUHEIs) are not shown as the number of employer responses is generally too small.
- Overall satisfaction
- Foundation skills - general literacy, numeracy and communication skills and the ability to investigate and integrate knowledge
- Adaptive skills - the ability to adapt and apply skills/knowledge and work independently
- Collaborative skills - teamwork and interpersonal skills
- Technical skills - application of professional and technical knowledge and standards
- Employability skills - the ability to perform and innovate in the workplace
Overall satisfaction
The percentage of supervisors who expressed overall satisfaction with their graduate.
Foundation skills
The percentage of supervisors who expressed satisfaction with graduates’ foundation skills.
Adaptive skills
The percentage of supervisors who expressed satisfaction with graduates’ adaptive skills.
Collaborative skills
The percentage of supervisors who expressed satisfaction with graduates’ collaborative skills.
Technical skills
The percentage of supervisors who expressed satisfaction with graduates’ technical skills.
Employability skills
The percentage of supervisors who expressed satisfaction with graduates’ employability skills.
Employer Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESQ)
Data for the ESS is collected through the Employer Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESQ).